作为一种新兴的遥感技术，激光雷达极大地促进了生态学定量观测向三维转变并为森林生态学研究提供了全新的视角。本书从遥感与森林生态学的交叉学科视角介绍了激光雷达技术及其在森林生态学领域的应用，融合了作者团队十余年的研究成果以及全球科学家的贡献。本书系统阐述了激光雷达技术的原理，详细介绍了搭载在不同平台的激光雷达系统的数据采集与处理方式，讲解了从激光雷达数据中提取森林关键性状的前沿方法，并给出了激光雷达应用于森林生态学多个分支领域的研究实例。为帮助读者更好地理解激光雷达的原理及数据处理算法，本书还提供了详尽的Python示例代码。

Prefoce
1. The Origin and Development of LiDAR Techniques
1.1 Introduction and History of LiDAR
1.2 Classification of LiDAR Hardware
1.3 Commercial LiDAR Hardware
1.4 LiDAR Software
1.5 The Importance of LiDAR in Forest Ecology Applications
1.6 Chapter Summary
References
2. Working Principles of LiDAR
2.1 Ranging Principle of LiDAR
2.2 Radiation Principle of LiDAR
2.3 Working Principle of Terrestrial LiDAR
2.4 Working Principle of Near-Surface LiDAR
2.5 Working Principle of Airborne LiDAR
2.6 Working Principle of Spaceborne LiDAR
2.7 Chapter Summary
References
3. LiDAR Field Workflow and Systematic Error Sources
3.1 Basic Operation of Terrestrial LiDAR
3.2 Basic Operation of Mobile and Backpack LiDAR
3.3 Basic Operation of Airborne and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle LiDAR
3.4 Error Sources in LiDAR Data Collection
3.5 Chapter Summary
References
4. LiDAR Data Formats
4.1 Format, Composition, and Characteristics of Point Cloud Data
4.2 Indexing of Point Cloud Data
4.3 Reading Point Cloud Data
4.4 Reading FulI-Waveform Data
4.5 Chapter Summary
References
5. Data Preprocessing and Feature Extraction
5.1 Point Cloud Resolving
5.2 Point Cloud Registration
5.3 LiDAR Point Cloud Denoising
5.4 Point Cloud Feature Extraction
5.5 Point Cloud Classification
5.6 Chapter Summary
References
6. LiDAR Data Filtering and Digital Elevation Model Generation
6.1 Introduction to LiDAR Data Filtering
6.2 Introduction to Filtering Methods
6.3 Accuracy Evaluation Methods
6.4 Digital Elevation Model Generation
6.5 Chapter Summary
References
7. Forest Structural Attribute Extraction
7.1 Stand-Level Structural Attribute Extraction
7.2 Individual Tree Segmentation
7.3 Wood-Leaf Separation
7.4 Individual Tree- and Organ-Level Structural Attribute Extraction
7.5 Structural Attributes Extracted Through the Fusion of Multiplatform LiDAR Data
7.6 Chapter Summary
References
8. Estimation of Forest Functional Attributes
8.1 Canopy Cover and Closure
8.2 Leaf Area Index
8.3 Growing Stock and Biomass
8.4 Tree Species Classification
8.5 Chapter Summary
References
9. Forest Structural and Functional Attribute Upscaling Using Spaceborne LiDAR Data
9.1 Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite and Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation Spaceborne LiDAR Data
9.2 Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite and Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation Data Processing and Parameter Extraction
9.3 Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite 2 Spaceborne LiDAR Data
9.4 Upscaling Forest Attribute Estimations Using Spaceborne LiDAR Data
9.5 Chapter Summary
References
10. LiDAR-Based Three-Dimensional Radiative Transfer Models and Applications
10.1 Principles of Three-Dimensional Radiative Transfer Models
10.2 VoxeI-Based Radiative Transfer Model
10.3 Parameterizations of Three-Dimensional Radiative Transfer Models Using LiDAR
10.4 Integrating Three-Dimensional Radiative Transfer Models with Other Models
10.5 Chapter Summary
References
11. Visualization and Reconstruction of Forest Ecosystems
11.1 Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of individual Trees
11.2 Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Forest Landscapes
11.3 Applications of Three-Dimensional Forest Reconstruction
11.4 Chapter Summary
References
12. Forest Dynamics Monitoring
12.1 Forest Growth Dynamics Monitoring
12.2 Forest Fire Monitoring and Fire Severity Assessment
12.3 Forest Fuel Treatment Detection
12.4 Tree Mortality Analysis Under Environmental Stress
12.5 Chapter Summary
References
13. Applications of LiDAR in Biodiversity Conservation,Ecohydrology, and Ecological Process Modeling of Forest Ecosystems
13.1 Forest Biodiversity Studies
13.2 Forest Ecohydrology Studies
13.3 Applications of LiDAR in Understanding Ecolog