高比例新能源接入的未来电力系统中，风电和太阳能将成为电力供应的重要支柱，其风、光资源的随机性和波动性，导致电力系统本征特性改变，对电力系统灵活性提出了更高的要素。高比例新能源电力系统中，波动电源和负荷不确定性双重叠加，采用增加备用应对不确定性的模式在技术和经济上均难以为继，需要针对电力系统灵活性探索新的解决方式。为此，本书首次全面探索电力系统灵活性的建模方法、优化运行理论和相应的市场机制设计，旨在为构建含高比例新能源的未来灵活电力系统提供技术解决方案和理论支挥，期待本书能够为电气工程领域的读者带来有益的启发。

1 Introduction
1.1 Why Is Flexibility Necessary for the Power System
1.2 Overview of Power System Flexibility
1.2.1 History and Development
1.2.2 Taxonomy-Power System Flexibility Sources
1.2.3 Power System Flexibility Analysis
1.3 Market Solutions
1.4 Summary
References
2 Power System Flexibility Modelling
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Power System Flexibility Resource Classification
2.2.1 Demand Side Flexibility Resources
2.2.2 Power Supply Side Flexibility Resources
2.2.3 Grid Side Flexibility Resources
2.3 Flexible Power Supply Resources: Analysis and Modelling
2.3.1 Technical Characteristics of Flexible Power Supply Resources
2.3.2 Economic Characteristics of Power Supply Resources Flexibility
2.4 Demand Side Flexibility Model
2.4.1 Interruptible Load
2.4.2 Adjustable Load
2.4.3 Shiftable Load
2.5 Power Grid Flexible Regulation Technologies
2.5.1 Voltage Source Converter (VSC) Based Multiple-Terminal DC Transmission
2.5.2 AC Grid Flexible Topology Control
2.6 Conclusions
References
3 Flexibility-Based Economic Dispatch
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Quantifying Accommodated Domain of Wind Power for Flexible Look-Ahead Unit Commitment
3.2.1 Formulation of ADWP
3.2.2 Flexible Look-Ahead Unit Commitment Models
3.3 Flexibility Based Day-Ahead Generation-Reserve Bilevel Decision Model
3.3.1 Day-Ahead Unit Commitment Model Considering Flexibility Constraint
3.3.2 Flexibility Based Reserve Decision Method
3.4 An Endogenous Approach to Quantifying the Wind Power Reserve
3.4.1 Dynamic S&NCED Model with AARO
3.4.2 Two-Stage Solution Method Based on the Benders Decomposition
3.5 Case Studies
3.5.1 Case Studies of the Flexible Look-Ahead Unit Commitment
3.5.2 Case Studies of the Day-Ahead Generation-Reserve Bilevel Decision Model
3.5.3 Case Studies of the Endogenous Approach to Quantifying the Wind Power Reserve
3.6 Conclusion
References
4 Distributed Dispatch Approach in AC/DC Hybrid Systems
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Distributed Dispatch Approach in Bulk AC/DC Hybrid Systems
4.2.1 Distributed Scheduling Framework for Bulk AC/DC Hybrid Transmission Systems
4.2.2 Improved ATC-Based Distributed SCUC for a Bulk AC/DC Hybrid System
4.2.3 Solution Procedure
4.3 Distributed Dispatch Approach in the VSC-MTDC Meshed AC/DC Hybrid Systems
4.3.1 Hierarchy of VSC-MTDC Meshed AC/DC Grid
4.3.2 Hierarchical and Robust Scheduling Formulation
4.3.3 Solution Methodology
4.4 Case Studies
4.4.1 Distributed Dispatch Approach in Bulk AC/DC Hybrid Systems
4.4.2 Distributed Dispatch Approach in VSC-MTDC Meshed AC/DC Hybrid Systems
4.5 Conclusion
References
5 Exploring Operational Flexibility of AC/DC Power Grids
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Improving Flexible Operation of MTDC Hybrid Networks by VSC Power Regulation
5.2.1 Problem Description
5.2.2 Flexible Operation Mechanism and Model
5.2.3 Flexible Operation Improvement Mode for VSC Station
5.3 Exploiting the Operational Flexibility of Wind Integrated Hybrid AC/DC Power Systems
5.3.1 SCED Model with TS for Hybrid AC/DC Grid
5.3.2 Two-Stage RO Based on C&CG
5.4 Case Studies
5.4.1 Verify of Power Margin Tracking Droop Regulation (PMT) Mode
5.4.2 Exploring Operational Flexibility of AC/DC Power Networks Using TS
5.5 Conclusion
References
6 Demand Side Flexibility
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Residential Load Demand Response Model
6.3 Price-Based Demand Response Model
6.3.1 Energy Management Model of the ITCA
6.3.2 Flexibility of ITCAs
6.3.3 ITCAs' Flexibility Under TOU Power Price
6.3.4 Unit Scheduling Model Considering the Flexibility of ITCAs
6.4 Integrated Energy System Demand Response Model
6.4.1 Typical Topology
6.4.2 Integrated Demand Response