“当代国外语言学与应用语言学文库”（升级版）是主要面向高校英语专业高年级本科生、研究生及英语教师的一
套大型、开放的系列丛书。本升级版或保留原有经典图书品种，或继之以经典图书的新版，或引进国外语言学与应
用语言学领域的新锐力作以进一步拓展学科领域，希望它能继续对我国语言学教学与研究和外语教学与研究起到积
极的推动作用。

本书强调语用学的动态研究，对语用学理论和术语追根溯源、透彻分析；章节内容细致清晰，语言文字平白流畅；例句信手拈来，源自大众媒体、小说、日常生活会话等，生动活泼，说服力强。它不只是一本旨在介绍语用学基本内容的教科书，而且对语用现象有颇多新解和独到观察，并对语用学研究存在的一些问题进行了评述，对认识语用现象和进一步从事语用学研究有很大的启发意义和参考价值。

Preface xxxiii
Acknowledgements xxxiv
1 What is pragmatics? 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Defining pragmatics 1
1.3 From abstract meaning to contextual meaning 2
1.4 Utterance meaning: the first level of speaker meaning 16
1.5 Force: the second level of speaker meaning 18
1.6 Definitions of pragmatics (revisited) 21
1.7 Summary 23
2 Speech acts 28
2.1 J. L. Austin 28
2.2 Ordinary language philosophy 29
2.3 Logical positivism and truth conditional semantics 29
2.4 The performative hypothesis 32
2.5 Utterances as actions 49
2.6 Conclusion 51
3 Conversational implicature 55
3.1 Introduction 55
3.2 H. P. Grice 56
3.3 Implicature 57
3.4 The Cooperative Principle 61
3.5 The four conversational maxims 63
3.6 Flouting a maxim 65
3.7 Other categories of non-observance of the conversational maxims 72
3.8 Testing for implicature 78
3.9 Conclusion 84
4 Approaches to pragmatics 87
4.1 Introduction 87
4.2 Problems with Grice's theory 87
4.3 Grice's informal approach 93
4.4 J. R. Searle 93
4.5 Searle’s formal approach to the categorization of speech acts 105
4.6 Rules versus principles 107
4.7 Conclusion 114
5 Pragmatics and indirectness 119
5.1 Introduction 119
5.2 Pragmatics and indirectness 119
5.3 How do we know how indirect to be? 124
5.4 Measuring indirectness 133
5.5 Why use indirectness? 142
5.6 Conclusion 146
6 Theories of politeness 149
6.1 Introduction 149
6.2 Delimiting the concept of politeness 149
6.3 Politeness explained in terms of principles and maxims158
6.4 Politeness and the management of face 168
6.5 Politeness viewed as a conversational contract 176
6.6 Politeness measured along pragmatic scales 177
6.7 Conclusion 178
7 The construction of meaning 183
……