Thisbook is intended to explain the purposes and general structures of the mainmembers and systems of airplanes, to analyze the characteristics and thestructural features of aircrafts, with accordance to airworthinessrequirements. Also it is intended to describe the methodology for the designingand modifying of aircrafts, their units and systems, assembly units, withaccordance to the requirements of airworthiness regulations. And it is intendedto describe the purpose, layout and principal diagrams, operation and basicparameters, structure of assemblies and elements of systems of aircraft powerplants with accordance to airworthiness. The emphasis is put on the operationof systems of aircraft

Part 1 General Aircraft Structure with Accordance to Airworthiness  1
1.1 Specifics of Civil Aircraft  1
1.1.1 The flight performances of the aircraft  1
1.1.2 Aerodynamic and strength performances  13
1.1.3 Design process and airworthinessrequirements  24
1.1.4 Aircraft classification by functions  26
1.1.5 Weight calculation by statistical data  28
1.2 Classification of Aircrafts on Aerodynamic Configuration and DesigningFeature 30
1.2.1 Classification by the wing arrangement invertical and horizontal planes  30
1.2.2 Classification by the aircraft unitsarrangement (tail unit, engines,landing gear, etc.) 36
1.3 General Requirements to Aircraft Structure  49
1.3.1 General requirements to the aircraft 49
1.3.2 Main stages of aircraft cyclic life  53
1.4 General Knowledge About Wings 63
1.4.1 Purpose of the wing and requirements to it 63
1.4.2 Geometrical parameters and different shapes ofthe wing 67
1.4.3 Main structural members of the wing  71
1.4.4 Load-carry structure of the wing  77
1.5 Tail Unit of the Aircraft 82
1.5.1 Purpose of the tail unit and requirements toit  82
1.5.2 Geometrical parameters and different shapes ofa tail unit  86
1.5.3 Load-carry structure of the tail unit  91
1.6 Control Surfaces and High-lift Devices (CS&HLD) of theAircraft  95
1.6.1 Purpose of CS&HLD and requirements toit  95
1.6.2 Geometrical parameters of CS&HLD  101
1.6.3 Load-carry structure of H-LD and CS  110
1.7 Fuselage of the Aircraft  111
1.7.1 Purpose of the fuselage and requirements to it111
1.7.2 Geometrical parameters and different shapes ofthe fuselage 130
1.7.3 Load-carry structure of the fuselage  134
1.8 Other Structural Members of the Aircraft 141
1.8.1 Purpose and specific requirements for thelanding gear  141
1.8.2 Configuration of the landing gear  148
1.8.3 Purpose and specific requirements for thecontrol system  172
1.8.4 Classification of the control system  178
Questions  194
Part 2 Conformity Verification and Validation of Aircraft Power PlantSystem 195
2.1 Definition of Concept Power Plant 195
2.1.1 General questions  195
2.1.2 Aviation power plant improvementdirections  200
2.1.3 Over-all technical requirements to
aircraft power plants  204
2.1.4 Requirements to aircraft power plants inairworthiness  205
2.2 Classification of Power Plants (Types of Aircraft Engines and TheirArrangement on Aircraft  214
2.2.1 General analysis of aircraft engine types
and areas of their application  214
2.2.2 Auxiliary power unit 224
2.2.3 Engine selection  224
2.2.4 Number of Engines  225
2.2.5 Analysis of scheme of engine arrangement onaircraft  227
2.3 Engine Mounts  239
2.3.1 General information  239
2.3.2 Requirements to engine mount  241
2.3.3 Airframes of engine mounts 243
2.4 Fuel Systems of Power Plant  255
2.4.1 Purpose of fuel systems and requirements tothem  255
2.4.2 Aviation fuels and their properties  270
2.4.3 Structure of fuel systems  274
2.4.4 Layouts of fuel system  274
2.4.5 Calculations of fuel systems 278
2.4.6 Venting and pressurization of fuel system  286
2.4.7 Designing the scheme and calculation of fueldump system  291
2.4.8 Fueling system 294
2.4.9 Structural components of fuel system  296
2.5 Lubrication Systems of Power Plants 305
2.5.1 Purpose of lubrication systems andrequirements 305
2.5.2 Aviation oils 310
2.5.3 General characteristics of lubricationsystems  311
2.5.4 Lubrication system schemes (methods ofseparation air from oil) 313
2.5.5 Calculation of lubrication system  320
2.5.6 Oil cooling, coolers  322
2.5.7 Oil tank structure  324
2.6 Nacelles and Cowlings of Engines 326
2.6.1 Purpose and components of nacelles andcowlings  326
2.6.2 Airframe of nacelles for various types ofengines  330
2.7 Air-Intakes  332
2.7.1 Air suction system, its purpose, requirements andcomponents  332
2.7.2 Air intake classification 335
2.7.3 Designing model and design algorithm ofsubsonic air intakes  338
2.7.4 Subsonic air intake design 341
2.8 Exhaust Units of Power Plants 342
2.8.1 Exhaust units, their purpose, requirements andstructure 342
2.8.2 Types of exhaust  345
2.8.3 Thrust reverse devices, their Purpose andRequirements(types of thrust reverse devices) 347
2.8.4 Aircraft noise sources. noise abatementprocedures 349
2.9 Vibrations of Power Plants. Shock-Absorption of Engine Mounts  351
2.9.1 Airworthiness about powerplant vibrations  351
2.9.2 Common information about aircraft enginesribrations  352
2.9.3 Stiffness of engine mounts  355
2.9.4 Shock-absorption of engine mounts 358
2.9.5 Design of shock absorbers  359
Questions  361
References  362