In Finland, that for 700 years was under Swedish and 100 years under Russian rule, fin-de-siecle art had a particular responsibility to bear. As part of a growing national identity and pronounced striving for freedom, the arts-- whether music or literature, architecture, the decorative arts or painting--gained an increasingly political role that helped mould the country’s identity.

The works of art included in this volume enable readers to familiarise themselves with the cultural output of the country and gain an insight into this fascinating development in Modernism.

Stephan Koja is curator at the Osterreichische Galerie Belvedere, Vienna, Austria. He is the author or editor of Claude Monet (1996), America - The New World in 19th Century Painting (1999) and Gustav Klimt - Landscapes (2002). He produced the documentary films Klimt Landscapes. Tracing the Sources (2002) and Nordic Dawn Modernism’s Awakening in Finland 189o-192o (2005).

Foreword 12

Introduction 14

SOILI SINISALO

Native Land, Art and Landscape in Finland

in the Late 19th and Early 2oth Centuries 22

VILLE LUKKARINEN

Landscapes of Ideas 34

RAINER KNAPAS

Tracing the Sources 50

TIMO HUUSKO, RIITTA OJANPER,A, SOILI SINISALO

The Landscape of the Mind 68

LEENA AHTOLA-MOORHOUSE, TIMO HUUSKO

In Search of New Means of Expression 78

HELMIRIITTA SARIOLA, SOILI SINISALO

Facing a New Reality 92

RIITTA OJANPERA, KATRI VUOLA

PLATES 102

List of Plates 182

Map 185

Chronology 188

TIMO HUUSKO, RAINER KNAPAS, SYLVIA MRAZ, RIITTA OJANPERA,

Biographies 208

SIINA HALIKKA, IRMELI ISOMAKI, LEA KESKITALO

General Literature 226

Photographic Credits 228

Index 229