本书以新颖的视角全面介绍了表面的几何结构和电子结构。所涉及的表面包括共价键和离子键结合的固体表面以及金属表面。本书重在基础部分，比如表面结晶和热力学原理，促使原子重新排列的力，成键与电子结构之间的关系等。本书阐明了表面晶向、化学成分、热力学条件以及由此产生的各种性质之间的联系，表面上的激发及其表述与测量。书中的讨论和方法有助于读者分析新型表面和新材料间的界面。本书是从事表面生长、表面分子相互作用、自组装结构、材料性能工程和新材料研究的科技工作者不可缺少的参考书。

本书是《国外物理名著系列》之一。本书几乎涉及了近代物理学中表面物理原理的所有领域，既有阐述学科基本理论的经典名著，也有反映某一学科专题前沿的专著。基础理论方面强调“经典”，选择了那些经得起时间检验、对物理学的发展产生重要影响、现在还不“过时”的著作；反映物理学某一领域进展的方面强调“前沿”和“热点”，根据国内物理学研究发展的实际情况，选择了能够体现相关学科最新进展，对有关方向的科研人员和研究生有重要参考价值的图书。本书还对部分目录标题和练习题进行了少量的翻译和注释，以方便国内读者的阅读和理解。

1、Symmetry

 1.1 Model Surfaces

1.1.1 Surface Versus Bulk

1.1.2 The Surface as a Physical Object

 1.2 Two-Dimensional Crystals

1.2.1 Lattice Planes of Bulk Crystals

1.2.2 Oriented Slabs

1.2.3 Ideal Surfaces. Planar Point Groups

1.2.4 Real Surfaces:Reconstruction and Relaxation

1.2.5 Superlattices at Surfaces

1.2.6 Wood Notation

1.2.7 Symmetry Classification

 1.3 Reciprocal Space

1.3.1 Direct and Reciprocal Lattices

1.3.2 Brillouin Zones

1.3.3 Projection of 3D Onto 2D Brillouin Zones

1.3.4 Symmetry of Points and Lines in Reciprocal Space

2、Thermodynamics

 2.1 Kinetic Processes and Surfaces in Equilibrium

 2.2 Thermodynamic Relations for Surfaces

2.2.1 Thermodynamic Potentials

2.2.2 Surface Modification of Thermodynamic Potentials

2.2.3 Surface Tension and Surface Stress

 2.3 Equilibrium Shape of Small Crystals

2.3.1 Anisotropy of Surface Energy

2.3.2 Absolute Values for Surface Energies

2.3.3 Wulff Construction

 2.4 Surface Energy and Morphology

2.4.1 Facetting and Roughening

2.4.2 3D Versus 2D Growth

2.4.3 Formation of Quantum Dots

 2.5 Stoichiometry Dependence

2.5.1 Thermodynamic Approach

2.5.2 Approximations for Surface Energies

2.5.3 Chemical Potentials

2.5.4 Phase Diagrams

2.5.5 Stability of Adsorbates

3、Bonding and Energetics

 3.1 Orbitals and Bonding

3.1.1 One-Electron Picture

3.1.2 Tight-Binding Approach

3.1.3 Atomic Orbitals and Their Interaction

3.1.4 Bonding Hybrids

3.1.5 Bonds and Bands

 3.2 Dangling Bonds

3.2.1 Formation of Dangling Hybrids

3.2.2 Influence on Electronic States

 3.3 Total Energy and Atomic Forces

3.3.1 Basic Approximations

3.3.2 Potential Energy Surface and Forces

3.3.3 Surface Diffusion

 3.4 Quantitative Description of Structure and Stability

3.4.1 Density Functional Theory

3.4.2 Band-Structure and Interaction Contributions

3.4.3 Modeling of Surfaces

 3.5 Bond Breaking:Accompanying Charge Transfers and Atomic Displacements

3.5.1 Characteristic Changes in Total Energy

3.5.2 Energy Gain Due to Structural and Configurational Changes

3.5.3 Energy Gain and Electron Transfer

4、Reconstruction Elements

 4.1 Reconstruction and Bonding

4.1.1 Metallic Bonds

4.1.2 Strong Ionic Bonds

4.1.3 Mixed Covalent and Ionic Bonds

4.1.4 Principles of Semiconductor Surface Reconstruction

4.1.5 Electron Counting Rules

 4.2 Chains

4.2.1 Zig-Zag Chains of Cations and Anions

4.2.2 π-bonded Chains

4.2.3 Seiwatz Chains

 4.3 Dimers

4.3.1 Symmetric Dimers

4.3.2 Asymmetric Dimers

4.3.3 Heterodimers

4.3.4 Bridging Groups

 4.4 Adatoms and Adclusters

4.4.1 Isolated Adatoms

4.4.2 Adatoms Accompanied by Rest Atoms

4.4.3 Adatoms Combined with Other Reconstruction Elements

4.4.4 Trimers

4.4.5 Tetramers

5、Elementary Excitations Ⅰ:Single Electronic Quasiparticles

 5.1 Electrons and Holes

5.1.1 Excitation and Quasiparticle Character

5.1.2 Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy

5.1.3 Photoemission Spectroscopy and Inverse Photoemission

5.1.4 Satellites

 5.2 Many-Body Effects

5.2.1 Quasiparticle Equation

5.2.2 Quasiparticle Shifts and Spectral Weights

5.2.3 Screening Near Surfaces

 5.3 Quasiparticle Surface States

5.3.1 Surface Barrier

5.3.2 Characteristic Energies

5.3.3 State Localization

5.3.4 Quasiparticle Bands and Gaps

 5.4 Strong Electron Correlation

5.4.1 Image States

5.4.2 Mort-Hubbard Bands

6、Elementary Excitations Ⅱ:Pair and Collective Excitations

 6.1 Probing Surfaces by Excitations

6.1.1 Optical Spectroscopies

6.1.2 Light Propagation in Surfaces

6.1.3 Electron Energy Losses

6.1.4 Raman Scattering

 6.2 Electron-Hole Pairs:Excitons

6.2.1 Polarization Function

6.2.2 Two-Particle Hamiltonian

6.2.3 Excitons

6.2.4 Surface Exciton Bound States

6.2.5 Surface-Modified Bulk Excitons

 6.3 Plasmons

6.3.1 Intraband Excitations

6.3.2 Plasma Oscillations

6.3.3 Surface Modifications

 6.4 Phonons

6.4.1 Harmonic Lattice Dynamics

6.4.2 Surface and Bulk Modes

6.4.3 Rayleigh Waves

6.4.4 Fuchs-Kliewer Phonons

6.4.5 Influence of Relaxation and Reconstruction

 6.5 Elementary Excitations for Reduced Dimension

7、Defects

 7.1 Realistic and Ideal Surfaces

 7.2 Point Defects

7.2.1 Vacancies

7.2.2 Impurities

7.2.3 Antisites

 7.3 Line Defects:Steps

7.3.1 Geometry and Notation

7.3.2 Steps on Si(100) Surfaces

7.3.3 Steps on Si(111) Surfaces

 7.4 Planar Defects:Stacking Faults

7.4.1 Defect, Reconstruction Element or Bulk Property?

7.4.2 Si on Si(111)■×■-B

References

Index