阅读阿尔斯帕瓦和罗宾斯编著的《网站运维》，可以：学习网站运维技能，了解这些技巧来自于经验而非学校教育的原因；理解为何从应用程序和基础设施收集统计数据都很重要；为数据库架构和规模日益增长带来的隐患考虑通用的处理方法；学习如何处理宕机和降级相关的人为因素；找到在蜂拥而至的巨大流量后避免灾难的方法；问题发生后了解症结所在，防止其再次发生。

网络应用牵涉到很多专业人士，而网站运维人员必须确保应用的每一部分在其整个生命周期中都能正常工作。当初创公司遭遇了未曾预期的访问流量尖峰，或者当某个新特性导致成熟应用失效时，你就需要这样的专业知识。在《网站运维》这部文章和访谈集中，网站运维老手TheoSchlossnagle、Baron Schwartz和Alistair Croll向这个日新月异的领域提供了他们的真知灼见。你还将学到如何使网站蓬勃发展的秘诀，这是来自最大规模网站建设者的第一手资料。

《网站运维》由阿尔斯帕瓦和罗宾斯编著。

Foreword

Preface

1  Web Operations: The Career

 Theo Schlossnagle

Why Does Web Operations Have It Tough？

From Apprentice to Master

Conclusion

2  How Picnik Uses Cloud Computing: Lessons Learned

 Justin Huff

Where the Cloud Fits (and Why!)

Where the Cloud Doesn't Fit (for Picnik)

Conclusion

3  Infrastructure and Application Metrics

 John AIIspaw, with Matt Massie

Time Resolution and Retention Concerns

Locality of Metrics Collection and Storage

Layers of Metrics

Providing Context for Anomaly Detection and Alerts

Log Lines Are Metrics, Too

Correlation with Change Management and Incident Time-

lines

Making Metrics Available to Your Alerting Mechanisms

Using Metrics to Guide Load-Feedback Mechanisms

A Metrics Collection System, Illustrated: Ganglia

Conclusion

4  Continuous Deployment

 Eric Ries

Small Batches Mean Faster Feedback

Small Batches Mean Problems Are Instantly Localized

Small Batches Reduce Risk

Small Batches Reduce Overhead

The Quality Defenders' Lament

Getting Started

Continuous Deployment Is for Mission-Critical

Applications

Conclusion

5  Infrastructure As Code

 Adam Jacob

Service-Oriented Architecture

Conclusion

6  Monitoring

 Patrick Debois

Story: "The Start of a Journey"

Step 1: Understand What You Are Monitoring

Step 2: Understand Normal Behavior

Step 3: Be Prepared and Learn

Conciusion

7  How Complex Systems Fail

 John AIIspaw and Richard Cook

How Complex Systems Fail

FUrther Reading

8  Community Management and Web Operations

Heather Champ and John AIIspaw

9  Dealing with Unexpected Traffic Spikes

 Brian Moon

How It All Started

Alarms Abound

Putting Out the Fire

Surviving the Weekend

Preparing for the Future

CDN to the Rescue

Proxy Servers

Corralling the Stampede

Streamlining the Codebase

How Do We Know It Works？

The Real Test

Lessons Learned

Improvements Since Then

10  Dev and Ops Collaboration and Cooperation

 Paul Hammond

Deployment

Shared, Open Infrastructure

Trust

On-Call Developers

Avoiding Blame

Conclusion

11  How Your Visitors Feel: User-Facing Metrics

 Alistair Croft and Sean Power

Why Collect User-Facing Metrics？

What Makes a Site Slow？

Measuring Delay

Building an SLA

Visitor Outcomes: Analytics

Other Metrics Marketing Cares About

How User Experience Affects Web Ops

The Future of Web Monitoring

Conclusion

12  Relational Database Strategy and Tactics for the Web

 Baron Schwartz

Requirements for Web Databases

How Typical Web Databases Grow

The Yearning for a Cluster

Database Strategy

Database Tactics

Conclusion

13  How to Make Failure Beautiful: The Art and Science of Postmortems

 Jake Loomis

The Worst Postmortem

What Is a Postmortem？

When to Conduct a Postmortem

Who to Invite to a Postmortem

Running a Postmortem

Postmortem Follow-Up

Conclusion

14  Storage

 Anoop Nagwani

Data Asset Inventory

Data Protection

Capacity Planning

Storage Sizing

Operations

Conclusion

15  Nonrelational Databases

 Eric Florenzano

NoSQL Database Overview

Some Systems in Detail

Conclusion

16  Agile Infrastructure

 Andrew Clay Sharer

Agile Infrastructure

So, What's the Problem？

Communities of Interest and Practice

Trading Zones and Apologies

Conclusion

17  Things That Go Bump in the Night (and How to Sleep Through Them)

 Mike Christian

Definitions

How Many 9s？

Impact Duration Versus Incident Duration

Datacenter Footprint

Gradual Failures

Trust Nobody

Failover Testing

Monitoring and History of Patterns

Getting a Good Night's Sleep

Contributors

Index