本书为全英文版，系统研究时态信息处理技术及其应用，内容包括：时间模型、时间演算和时态逻辑方法；时态数据库基本概念、时态数据模型、时间算子now的语义和时态数据索引；时态数据查询语言，以TempDB为例介绍时态数据库管理系统的设计和实现；XML、工作流时态扩展和时态知识模型；时态应用模式，并给出一个典型的时态应用实例。

时间是自然界无处不在的属性。时态信息处理已经成为现代信息系统的重要组成部分。本书系统研究时态信息处理技术及其应用，内容包括：（1）时间模型、时间演算和时态逻辑方法；（2）时态数据库基本概念、时态数据模型、时间算子now的语义和时态数据索引；（3）时态数据查询语言，以TempDB为例介绍时态数据库管理系统的设计和实现；（4）XML、工作流时态扩展和时态知识模型；（5）时态应用模式，并给出一个典型的时态应用实例。

本书读者对象为高等院校计算机专业的师生，科研机构及相关领域的研发人员等。

Preface

List of Figures and Tables

Part I Temporal Models and Calculation Methods

1 From Time Data to Temporal Information

 1.1 Application Requirement

 1.2 What Is Time Data

1.2.1 Time Point

1.2.2 Time Interval

1.2.3 Time Span

1.2.4 Complex Time Data

 1.3 Temporal Information, Temporal Database and Temporal System

1.3.1 What Is Temporal Information

1.3.2 Temporal Database

1.3.3 Temporal System

 1.4 Origin and Development of Temporal Information Technologies

1.4.1 Founding Phase

1.4.2 Development Phase

1.4.3 Application Phase

 1.5 Current Situation, Problems and Trends

1.5.1 Current Situation

1.5.2 Existent Problems in Temporal Database Research

1.5.3 Trends

 References

2 Time Calculation and Temporal Logic Method

 2.1 Time Model

2.1.1 Continuous Model

2.1.2 Stepwise Model

2.1.3 Discrete Model

2.1.4 Non Temporal Model

 2.2 Properties of Time Structure

2.2.1 Order Relations of Time Sets

2.2.2 First Order Properties of Time Flow

 2.3 Point-Based Temporal Logic

2.3.1 Temporal Extensions Based Snapshot Model

2.3.2 Temporal Extensions Based Timestamp Model

 2.4 Interval-Based Temporal Logic

2.4.1 From Interval to Point

2.4.2 From Point to Point

2.4.3 Temporal Predict

 2.5 Calculation Based on Span

 2.6 Other Temporal Calculations in Common Use

 2.7 Time Granularity andConversion Calculation

2.7.1 Time Granularity and Chronon

2.7.2 State of Existence of Time Granularity

2.7.3 Operations of Time Granularity

2.7.4 Relational Chart of Time Granularity Conversion

 2.8 Tense Logic

2.8.1 Syntax and Semantics of Tense Logic

2.8.2 Axiomatics and Properties

 References

3 Temporal Extension of Relational Algebra

 3.1 Regular Relational Operations

3.1.1 Basic Notions

3.1.2 Relational Algebra

3.1.3 Relational Calculus

 3.2 Relational Algebra of Historical Database

3.2.1 Basic Notions and Terminologies

3.2.2 HRDM Model

3.2.3 Historical Relational Algebra of HRDM

 3.3 Bitemporal Relational Algebra of BCDM

3.3.1 Basic Notions and Terminologies

3.3.2 Bitemporal Relational Algebra

 3.4 Snapshot Reducibility and Temporal Completeness

3.4.1 Snapshot Reducibility

3.4.2 Temporal Semi-Completeness

3.4.3 Temporal Completeness

  References

Part II Database Based on Temporal Information

4 Temporal Data Model and Temporal Database Systems

 4.1 Time-Dimensions

4.1.1 User-Defined Time

4.1.2 Valid Time

4.1.3 Transaction Time

4.1.4 Two Temporal Variables: Now and UC

4.1.5 An Illustration

 4.2 Temporal Database Types

4.2.1 Snapshot Database

4.2.2 Historical Database

4.2.3 Rollback Database

4.2.4 Bitemporal Database

 4.3 Temporal Data Models

4.3.1 Bitemporal Time Stamps

4.3.2 BCDM

4.3.3 Temporal Entity-Relationship Data Model

 4.4 Difference from Real-Time Database

 References

5 Spatio-Temporal Data Model and Spatio-Temporal Databases

 5.1 Introduction

 5.2 Spatio-Temporal Data Model

5.2.1 Spatio-Temporal Object

5.2.2 Basic Considerations of Spatio-Temporal Modeling

5.2.3 Version Based Data Model

5.2.4 Event-Based Data Model

5.2.5 Constraint-Based Data Model

5.2.6 Moving Objects Data Model

 5.3 Query on Spatio-Temporal Data

5.3.1 Spatio-Temporal Data Query

5.3.2 Moving Data Query

5.3.3 Spatio-Temporal Database Language

 5.4 Structure of Spatio-Temporal Database System

5.4.1 Structure of Complete Type

5.4.2 Structure of Layered Type

5.4.3 Structure of Extended Type

 Reference

6 Temporal Extension of XML Data Model

 6.1 Motivation

6.1.1 XML Temporal Driven

6.1.2 Commercial-Driven Temporal Database

 6.2 Temporal Research of the Semi-Structured Data

 6.3 Temporal XML Model and Query Mechanism

 References

7 Data Operations Based on Temporal Variables

 7.1 Introduction

 7.2 Data Model Based on Temporal Variables

7.2.1 Order and Temporal Variables

7.2.2 Main Body Instances

7.2.3 Bitemporal Relation Model Based on Variables

 7.3 Data Updating

7.3.1 Data Inserting

7.3.2 Data Deleting

7.3.3 Data Modifying

 7.4 Data Querying

7.4.1 Now in Current Versions

7.4.2 Now in Non-Current Version

7.4.3 Temporal Querying Algorithms

  References

Part III Temporal Index Technologies

8 Temporal Indexes Supporting Valid Time

 8.1 Introduction

 8.2 Summary of Temporal Index

8.2.1 Temporal Index Based on Transaction Time

8.2.2 Index Based on Valid Time

8.2.3 Bitemporal Index

 8.3 TRdim

8.3.1 Relative Temporal Data Model

8.3.2 Temporal Relation Index Model

 8.4 Data Querying and Index Updating

8.4.1 Index Querying

8.4.2 Index Updating

  8.5 Simulation

8.5.1 Index Constructing

8.5.2 Query Based on Probability

8.5.3 Query Based on the Number of Data

  References

9 Indexes for Moving-Objects Data

 9.1 Introduction

 9.2 Data Model for Moving Objects

9.2.1 Data Model Modm

9.2.2 Temporal Summary

 9.3 Index for Moving Object Data

9.3.1 Linear Order Division

9.3.2 Index Model Modim

 9.4 Data Query

 9.5 Index Update

 References

10 Temporal XML Index Schema

 10.1 Introduction

 10.2 Linear-Order Relation

10.2.1 Linear-Order Matrix

10.2.2 Linear-Order Equivalence Relation

 10.3 Temporal Summary and Temporal Indexing

10.3.1 Data Model

10.3.2 Temporal Summary

10.3.3 Temporal Indexing

 10.4 Data Query

10.4.1 Query Based onAbsolute Paths

10.4.2 Query Based on Relative Paths

 10.5 Simulation and Evaluation

10.5.1 Environment and Data Design

10.5.2 Simulation and Evaluation

 References

Part 1V Temporal Database Management Systems

11 Implementation of Temporal Database Management Systems

 11.1 Introduction

 11.2 TimeDB

11.2.1 Installation

11.2.2 TimeDB 2.0 Beta 4's User Interface

11.2.3 Examples

 11.3 TempDB

11.3.1 Installation

11.3.2 TempDB's User Interface

11.3.3 Examples

 11.4 Comparing TimeDB with TempDB

 References

12 Improvement and Extension to ATSQL2

 12.1 Introduction

 12.2 Study on ATSQL2

12.2.1 Requirements and Expatiation

12.2.2 Properties of ATSQL2

12.3 Interpretation of ATSQL2 Semantics

12.3.1 Data Definition Statement

12.3.2 Data Manipulation Statement

12.3.3 Data Query Statement

 12.4 Improved ATSQL2

12.4.1 Clear Regulation to the Semantic Operator

12.4.2 Re-Definition of Scalar Expression

12.4.3 Clearly Regulate the Usage of Common Operators and Temporal Operators in Conditional Statements

 References

13 Design and Implementation of TempDB

 13.1 Introduction

 13.2 Framework of TempDB

13.2.1 Middleware Architecture

13.2.2 Platform of Implementation

13.2.3 Architecture of TempDB

 13.3 Implementation of TempDB

13.3.1 Temporal DDL

13.3.2 Temporal DML

13.3.3 Temporal Query

 13.4 Processing Mechanism of Temporal Integrity Constraints

13.4.1 Basic Concepts

13.4.2 Temporal Insertion

13.4.3 Temporal Deletion

13.4.4 Temporal Modification

 13.5 Optimization of Performance

13.5.1 Temporal Indexes and MAP21

13.5.2 Binding on Now

13.5.3 MAP21-B

  References

Part V TemporalApplication and Case Study

14 Research on Temporal Extended Role Hierarchy

 14.1 Introduction

 14.2 Related Work

 14.3 Extended Role Hierarchy

 14.4 Temporal Role Hierarchy

14.4.1 Time Constraint on the Inheritance of Restricted Special Permission

14.4.2 Temporal Inheritance Character

14.4.3 Space and Time Efficiency Analysis

 References

15 Temporal Workflow Modeling and Its Application

 15.1 Introduction

 15.2 Related Work

 15.3 A Modified Workflow Meta-Model and Temporal Attributes

15.3.1 Build-Time Meta-Model

15.3.2 Run-Time Meta-Model

15.3.3 A Formal Model of Temporal Workflow

 15.4 Fuzzy Temporal Workflow Nets (FTWF-Nets)

15.4.1 Fuzzy Time Point

15.4.2 Formal Definition for FTWF-Nets

15.4.3 Time Related Calculation in FTWF-Nets

 15.5 Time Modeling and Time Possibility Analysis

 15.6 An Illustration

 References

16 Temporal Knowledge Representation and Reasoning

 16.1 Introduction

 16.2 Temporal Production System

16.2.1 Basic Definitions

16.2.2 Temporal Reasoning

 16.3 Prototype Implementation in a Salary System

16.3.1 Global Database

16.3.2 Data Structures of Temporal Production Rules in Database

16.3.3 Data Structures of Facts in Database

16.3.4 Details in Reasoning

16.3.5 Binding Semantics of Now Variable

 References

17 Temporal Application Modes and Case Study

 17.1 Temporal Application Modes

17.1.1 Entire Temporal Application Mode

17.1.2 Embedding Temporal Application Mode

17.1.3 Mix Temporal Application Mode

 17.2 Temporal Data/Knowledge View

17.2.1 Temporal Data View

17.2.2 Temporal Data/Knowledge Model

17.2.3 Links of Temporal Knowledge and Temporal Data

 17.3 Temporal Application in Cooperative Software

17.3.1 Three Basic Elements of Cooperative Software

17.3.2 Temporal Relation of Collaborative Roles

17.3.3 Temporal Extension in the Collaboration Information

17.3.4 Temporal Extension of Workflow

17.3.5 Case Study

 17.4 SIDSS: A Typical Example of Temporal Application

17.4.1 Introduction

17.4.2 Temporal Data in SIDSS

17.4.3 Temporal Knowledge in SIDSS

17.4.4 Implementation of SIDSS

 References

Appendix

  A.1 Extension ATSQL of TempDB 2.1

  A.2 API of TempDB 2.1

Index