本报告是《用电技术发展与展望》的英文版。 本报告聚焦电照明、电力拖动、电制热（冷）、电化学和信息技术等5大类用电技术，回顾发展历程、分析技术原理，调研规模存量，提出攻关方向，对各项技术的发展趋势进行了研判，并结合能源清洁转型趋势，重点对未来各类用电技术的用电需求和灵活性调节潜力进行了研究。 章，介绍用电技术的发展趋势，将用电需求划分为传统用电、电能替代、间接电能替代和电的“非能”利用等四个层次，并简述报告的研究思路。第2至6章，分别介绍了电照明、电力拖动、电制热（冷）、电化学和信息技术等5大类共32种用电技术的技术现状、发展趋势、关键技术和研发方向，结合用能需求预测、技术能效、技术替代潜力等分高中低三个方案预测了未来的用电规模，结合用电规模、用电技术可调性和用户行为特性分析了未来的用电灵活性潜力。第7章，对2至6章的内容进行总结，从技术发展、用电规模、灵活性潜力等三方面进行展望。

PREFACE
SUMMARY
1 Current Status and Trend of Development
1.1 Theoretical basis
1.2 Current status and trend
1.2.1 Traditional electric utilization - the foundation of modern civilization
1.2.2 Electricity substitution - a lynchpin to clean energy utilization
1.2.3 Indirect substitution - changing non-electricity energy utilization
1.2.4 Non-energy utilization - connecting energy and materials
1.2.5 Flexible electricity utilization - efficient interaction with new energy
1.3 Research approach
1.3.1 Categories of electrification technologies
1.3.2 Demand forecasting methodology
1.3.3 Analytical approach to flexibility potential
2 Electric Lighting
2.1 Technology status
2.1.1 Development history
2.1.2 Application status
2.2 Development trend
2.2.1 Key technical indexes
2.2.2 Development trend of technology
2.3 Research and development direction
2.3.1 High efficiency light source technology
2.3.2 Intelligent lighting technology
2.4 Electricity consu mption scale and flexibility potential
2.4.1 Analysis of electricity consumption scale
2.4.2 Analysis of flexibility potential
2.5 Summary
3 Electric Drive
3.1 Technology status
3.1.1 DC motor
3.1.2 AC asynchronous motor
3.1.3 AC synchronous motor
3.2 Development trend
3.2.1 Key technical indexes
3.2.2 Development trend of technology
3.3 Research and development direction
3.3.1 DC motor
3.3.2 AC asynchronous motor
3.3.3 AC synchronous motor
3.4 Electricity consumption scale and flexibility potential
3.4.1 Analysis of electricity consumption scale
3.4.2 Analysis of flexibility potential
3.5 Summary
4 Electric Heating (Refrigeration)
4.1 Technology status
4.1.1 Resistance heating
4.1.2 Arc heating
4.1.3 Induction heating
4.1.4 Microwave heating
4.1.5 Heat pump
4.2 Development trend
4.2.1 Key technical indexes
4.2.2 Development trend of technology
4.3 Research and development direction
4.3.1 Temperature control and material technology
4.3.2 Air-source heat pump technology
4.3.3 Comprehensive optimization of electric heating
4.4 Electricity consumption scale and flexibility potential
4.4.1 Analysis of electricity consumption scale
4.4.2 Analysis of flexibility potential
4.5 Summary
5 Electrochemistry
5.1 Technology status
5.1.1 Development history
5.1.2 Application status
5.2 Development trend
5.2.1 Power to fuel
5.2.2 Power to raw material
5.2.3 Electrometallurgy
5.2.4 Electrolytic machining
5.3 Research and development direction
5.3.1 Power to fuel
5.3.2 Power to raw material
5.3.3 Traditional electrochemical industry
5.4 Electricity consumption scale and flexibility potential
5.4.1 Analysis of electricity consumption scale
5.4.2 Analysis of flexibility potential
5.5 Summary
6 Electricity Consumption in IT
6.1 Technology status
6.1.1 Consumer electronics
6.1.2 Data center
6.1.3 Communication base
6.2 Development trend
6.2.1 Key technical indexes
6.2.2 Development trend of technology
6.3 Research and development direction
6.3.1 Data center
6.3.2 Advanced communication
6.4 Electricity consumption scale and flexibility potential
6.4.1 Analysis of electricity consumption scale
6.4.2 Analysis of flexibility potential
6.5 Summary
7 Development Outlook
7.1 Technology development
7.2 Electricity consumption scale
7.3 Flexibility potential
Appendix Abbreviations / Definitions