This insightful, wide-ranging book surveys applied arts and industrial design from the eighteenth century to the present day, exploring the dynamic relationship between design and manufacturing, and the technological, social, and commercialcontext in which this relationship developed. The effects of a vastly enlarged audience for the products of modern design and the complex dynamic of mass consumption are also discussed. Part of this dynamic reveals that products serve as signs for desires that have little to do with need or function.

 Design plays an integral part in our lives, surrounding us at home and in the office. The products of design - whether in the form of household products, packaging, fashion, software,and industrial equipment, or promotional images in the mass media - can be seen both as objects of beauty and as the result of creative human endeavour. This insightful, wide-ranging book surveys applied arts and industrial design from the eighteenth century to the present day, exploring the dynamic relationship between design and manufacturing, and the technological, social, and commercialcontext in which this relationship developed. The effects of a vastly enlarged audience for the products of modern design and the complex dynamic of mass consumption are also discussed. Part of this dynamic reveals that products serve as signs for desires that have little to do with need or function. Wide-ranging examples of product and graphic design are shown - and their significance within the history of design explained - including vessels and other objects made from glass, ceramics, plastic, or metal, as well as tableware,furniture, textiles, lighting, housings for electric appliances,machines and equipment, cars, tools, books, posters,magazines, illustrations, advertisements, and digital information. The book also explores the impact of a wealth of new manmade industrial materials on the course of modern design - from steel to titanium, plywood to plastic, cotton to nylon, wire to transistors, and from microprocessors to nanotubes. The research, development, and applications of these technologies are shown as depending upon far-reaching lines of communication stretching across geographical and linguistic boundaries. In this way, David Raizman reveals the history of modern design as a global history.

Preface

Acknowledgments

Introduction

What is Design?

What Makes Design "Modern"?

Modern Design and Consumption

Design, Values, and Meaning

Continuity and Change: A Longer View

Part Ⅰ

SUPPLY, DEMAND, AND DESIGN (1700-1865)

Introduction

1 Demand and Production

State-owned Manufactories

Porcelain

The Guilds

The Printer's Art

2 Entrepreneurial Efforts in Britain andElsewhere

Wedgwood, Design, and Antiquity

Commodities and the "Fashionable"

The United States

Growing Pains: Expanding Industry in

the Early Nineteenth Century

New Materials and Processes

Beyond the Printed Page

Wallpaper and Fabric Printing

4  Design, Society, and Standards

Early Design Reform

Reform and the Gothic Revival

Henry Cole and the "Cole Group"

The Great Exhibition of 1851

Images for All

Popular Graphics in the United States

A Balance Sheet of Reform

Conclusion

Part II

ARTS, CRAFTS, AND MACHINES (1866-1914)

Introduction

5 The Equality of the Arts

Design Reform and the Aesthetic Movement

The Aesthetic Movement in the United States

Dress

Design Reform in France: L'Art Nouveau

Art Nouveau in Print and in Public

Glasgow: Charles Rennie Mackintosh

Austria

Belgium

Munich

Scandinavia, Eastern Europe, and the Vernacular

Italy

6  The Joy of Work

Ruskin, Morris, and the Arts and Crafts

Movement in Britain

Morris and Socialism

Morris as Publisher

The Influence of William Morris in Britain

Craft and Efficiency

Books, Illustration, and Type

The Arts and Crafts Movement in the US

Printing in the United States

Chicago and Frank Lloyd Wright

7  Mechanization and Industry

Germany

The American System of Manufacture and Fordism

Developments in Merchandising, Printing,and Advertising

Conclusion

Part Ⅲ

AFTER THE WORLD WAR I (1918-1944):

MODERNE, INDUSTRY, AND UTOPIAS

Introduction

8  Paris and Art Moderne Before and After

World War I

Furniture and Modern Art

Glass and Metal

The Paris Exposition of 1925

Mechanical Beauty I: Dynamism

Mechanical Beauty II: Classicism

9  The "First Machine Age" in Europe

De Stijl

Constructivism

The Bauhaus

Beyond the Bauhaus

The Printing Industry and the "New Typography"

Britain and Graphic Design: A Synthesis 198

Scandinavi

10 Art, Design, and Industry in the United States

Industrial Design and Fordism

Case Studies in American Industrial Design

The 1939 New York World's Fair

The United States and International Modernism

Advertising Art and the Selling of Modern

Design in the United States

Photography and Graphic Design

Industrial Design and Austerity

Graphic Design During World War II

Conclusion

Part Ⅳ

HUMANISM AND LUXURY: INTERNATIONAL

MODERNISM AND MASS CULTURE AFTER WORLD WAR II, 1945-1960

Introduction

11 International Modernism: From Theory

to Practice

Promoting Postwar Design: Art Direction and the New Advertising

Graphic Design and Technical Information

Scandinavia and Britain

Italy

Germany

The International Graphic Style

Means and Ends

Japan

Nakashima and Nature

Japan: A Summary

Design and Corporate Culture

Trademarks and Beyond

12 Design and Mass Appeal: A Culture of Consumption

Detroit: Transportation as Symbol

Critics of Styling

Resorts and Luxury

Housing: Suburbia, Domesticity, and Conformity

The Elusive Promise of Mass Culture 31o

Beyond High and Low Art: Revisiting the Critique of Mass Culture

Conclusion

Part Ⅴ

PROGRESS, PROTEST, AND PLURALISM 1960-2000

Introduction

13 New Materials, New Products

Plastics and their Progeny

Product Housing

Sports: Equipment and Progress

Visual Identity, Information, and Art Direction

Laminated Materials

Nature and Craft

14 Dimensions of Mass Culture

Mass Design and the Home

Mass Design: The Fringes

Pop and Protest

Graphics and the Underground

Anti-Design in Italy

Radical Reform: Technology, Safety, and the Environment

15 Politics, Pluralism, and Postmodernism

Design and Postmodernism

Postmodern Products

Postmodernism and Resistance

16 Design in Context: An Act of Balance

Consumption

Reform and Social Responsibility

Production Technology: Meanings of Miniaturization

Design and Softness

Graphic Design in a Digital Age

Materials Technology

Craft: The Persistence of Process

Conclusion: Creativity, Responsibility, and Resilience

Timeline

Bibliography

Index