本书是第一本涉及多种学科的语用学著作。本书探讨了语用学的最新发展状态，视角独特，分析独到。作者认为，语用学的研究不能忽视哲学、心理学、人工智能、语言变异等相关学科的影响。反之，通过对语用学的深入研究，也可以更有效地解决这些相关学科中的问题。本书对语言学、语用学、认知语言学的学生和感兴趣的读者都会有所启发。

 List of Figures and Tables

 Acknowledgements

 Preface

1 The Multidisciplinary Nature of Pragmatics

 1.1 Pragmatics and its Academic Neighbours

 1.2 Pragmatics: A Standard Definition

  1.2.1 Information

  1.2.2 Encoding

  1.2.3 Convention

  1.2.4 Context

  1.2.5 Use

 1.3 Pragmatic Concepts and Theories

  1.3.1 Speech act theory

  1.3.2 Implicature theory

  1.3.3 Relevance theory

  1.3.4 Deixis

     1.3.4.1 Person and social deixis

     1.3.4.2 Time deixis

     1.3.4.3 Place deixis

     1.3.4.4 Discourse deixis

  1.3.5 Presupposition

 Notes

2 Theories of Meaning

 2.1 Approaches to the Study of Meaning

  2.2 Meaning: A Three-part Approach

  2.3 A Referential Approach to Meaning

  2.3.1 Philosophical foundations: Tarski and Davidson

  2.3.2 Truth-conditional semantics

  2.3.3 Referential meaning and other disciplines

 2.4 A Psychologistic Approach to Meaning

  2.4.1 The necessity of psychologistic meaning:

      Chomsky and Fodor

  2.4.2 Pragmatics, the language of thought and related notions

  2.4.3 Other disciplines, the language of thought

      and related notions

 2.5 A Social Approach to Meaning

  2.5.1 Discourse analysis and conversation analysis

 Notes

3 Inferences

 3.1 Pragmatics and Inference

 3.2 Deductive Inferences

  3.2.1 Three types of syllogism

  3.2.2 Deductive inferences and semantic meaning

  3.2.3 Deduction, reasoning and utterance interpretation

  3.3 Elaborative Inferences

  3.3.1 The psychology of elaborative inferences

  3.3.2 Elaborative inferences, knowledge and AI

  3.3.3 Elaborative inferences and pragmatics

  3.4 Conversational Inferences

  3.4.1 Grice on deriving implicatures

  3.4.2 Recovering implicatures: The views of other theorists

  3.4.3 Psychology and conversational inferences

  Notes

4 Relevance Theory

  4.1 Overview

  4.2 Relevance and Communication

  4.3 Relevance and Cognition

  4.4 A Philosophical Criticism of Relevance Theory

  4.4.1 Logical positivism: Some background

  4.4.2 Putnam on positivism

  4.4.3 The scientific reductionism of relevance theory

     4.4.3.1 Challenging reductionism I: Elimination rules

     4.4.3.2 Challenging reductionism 2:

           Deduction and comprehension

     4.4.3.3 Challenging reductionism 3:

           Functional confirmation

  4.5 Conclusion

  Notes

5 Pragmatics and Mind

 5.1 The Need for a Pragmatic Study of Mind

 5.2 Language and Mind: Some Historical Antecedents

 5.3 The Modularity of Mind Thesis

  5.3.1 Representation

  5.3.2 Computation

  5.3.3 Organisation

 5.4 Pragmatics and Modularity

  5.4.1 Kasher on the modularity of pragmatics

     5.4.1.1 Pragmatic module

     5.4.1.2 Pragmatic central system

     5.4.1.3 Pragmatic interface

  5.4.2 Wilson and Sperber on the modularity of pragmatics

 5.5 If not Modularity, then What?

 Notes

6 Argumentation and Fallacies of Reasoning

 6.1 Pragmatics and Argument

 6.2 What Is an Argument? A Fallacy?

 6.3 Six Theoretical Frameworks

 6.4 A Pragmatic Turn in the Study of Argument

 6.5 Pragma-Dialectics:

   An Advance in the Study of Argumentation?

 6.6 Methodology: Reconstruction and Evaluation

  6.6.1 Reconstruction

  6.6.2 Evaluation

 Notes

7 Habermas and Pragmatics

 7.1 Why Study Habermas?

 7.2 Expanding Reason: Habermas on Positivism

 7.3 Habermas on Language

  7.4 Criticising Habermas: A Putnamian Challenge

  7.5 Conclusion

  Notes

8 Artificial Intelligenee and Pragmatics

  8.1 Why Study Artificial Intelligence?

  8.2 Pragmatics: Implications for AI

  8.3 AI on Pragmatics

  8.3.1 Syntactic and semantic representations

  8.3.2 Knowledge representation

  8.3.3 Reasoning

  8.3.4 Rationality principles

 8.4 Is AI possible?

 Notes

9 Language Pathology and Pragmatics

 9.1 When Pragmatics Goes Wrong

 9.2 Problems of Definition

  9.2.1 Speech acts

  9.2.2 Context

  9.2.3 Listener knowledge

  9.2.4 Conversational maxims and implicature

  9.2.5 Inferences

  9.2.6 Knowledge

  9.2.7 Non-literal meaning

  9.2.8 Deixis

  9.2.9 Conversation analysis and discourse analysis

 9.3 Pragmatic Disorders

  9.3.1 Developmental language disorder

  9.3.2 Autism

  9.3.3 Learning disability

  9.3.4 Left-hemisphere damage

  9.3.5 Right-hemispkere damage

  9.3.6 Closed-head injury

  9.3.7 Alzheimer's disease

  9.3.8 Schizophrenia

 9.4 What Can We Learn from Pragmatic Disorders?

 Notes

10 Beyond Disciplines

10.1 Multidisciplinary Pragmatics

10.2 The Relationship of Other Disciplines to Pragmatics

   10.2.1 Philosophy

   10.2.2 Psychology

   10.2.3 Artificial intelligence

   10.2.4 Language pathology

10.3 The Relationship of Pragmatics to Other Disciplines

10.4 New Topics and Disciplines

  Notes

 Bibliography

 Index