第一本关于可适应设计的书，作者是最初提出了这一概念和方法的，并将过去二十年的研究成果写成这本书。可适应设计用于复杂产品和系统的快速设计和产品全生命周期工程包括升级、重用、再制造和回收的有效设计方法。是设计理论和方法以及工业应用的独特参考书。

本书提供了适应性设计（AD）的全面研究，从构思概念、开发方法和应用到AD的真实世界产品设计，通过扩展AC的设计和物理产品的实用性，可以实现实质性的益处。AD的主要元素包括合理化的功能结构、可适应的产品架构、可适应接口和适应性评估。AD原则的关键方面是适应性，包括设计适应性、产品适应性、一般适应性和特定适应性，以及适应性的建模和评估。对这些方面的详细讨论是为了理解AD。还描述了在软件中实现AD和设计应用的方法、工具和技术。包括AD的应用示例，以说明如何在实际产品设计中使用AD。最后，强调了人工智能、大数据、物联网、云技术等优选技术以及元宇宙和Web3.0时代AD的未来发展。

Contents 1 Introduction ................................................... 1 1.1 Product Life Cycle and Engineering Design .................... 3 1.1.1 Product Life Cycle ................................... 3 1.1.2 Engineering Design .................................. 5 1.1.3 Design Methodologies and Tools ....................... 7 1.1.4 Requirements for Adaptable Design .................... 10 1.2 Principles of Adaptable Design ............................... 11 1.2.1 Adaptable Design .................................... 11 1.2.2 Extension of Utility in Adaptable Design ................ 13 1.2.3 Key Issues in Adaptable Design ........................ 14 1.3 Benefits of Adaptable Design ................................ 17 1.3.1 Users: Extended Product Utility ........................ 17 1.3.2 Producers: Extended Design Utility ..................... 17 1.3.3 User and Producer Benefits of Large Systems ............ 19 1.3.4 Environmental Benefits ............................... 20 1.4 Applicability of Adaptable Design ............................ 21 1.5 Differences Between Adaptable Design and Other Design Methods .................................................. 23 1.6 Organization of This Book ................................... 24 1.7 Summary .................................................. 24 References ..................................................... 25 2 Modeling for Adaptable Design .................................. 31 2.1 Rationalized Functional Structures for Adaptable Design ......... 31 2.1.1 Function Modeling for Adaptable Design ................ 32 2.1.2 Structure Modeling for Adaptable Design ............... 36 2.1.3 Relations Between Functional and Structural Components ......................................... 42 2.2 Product Architecture for Adaptable Design ..................... 43 2.2.1 Modular Products .................................... 43 2.2.2 Product Platforms and Families ........................ 442.2.3 Open Architecture Products ........................... 45 2.3 Adaptable Interface ......................................... 48 2.4 Assembly and Disassembly for Adaptation Operations ........... 51 2.4.1 Modeling of Assembly Operations ...................... 51 2.4.2 Modeling of Disassembly Operations ................... 56 2.5 Summary .................................................. 57 References ..................................................... 58 3 Evaluation for Adaptable Design ................................ 61 3.1 Evaluation of Engineering Design ............................. 61 3.2 Measures of Adaptabilities ................................... 61 3.2.1 Specific Product Adaptability .......................... 65 3.2.2 Specific Design Adaptability ........................... 72 3.2.3 General Product Adaptability .......................... 73 3.2.4 General Design Adaptability ........................... 76 3.3 Adaptabilities in Design Evaluation ........................... 78 3.4 Evaluation of Adaptabilities Based on Information Entropy ....... 83 3.4.1 Functions, Structures, and Parameters of Adaptable Products ............................................ 83 3.4.2 Information Entropies for Evaluation of Adaptabilities .... 84 3.5 Summary .................................................. 89 References ..................................................... 89 4 Processes and Methods for Adaptable Design ..................... 91 4.1 Processes for Adaptable Design .............................. 91 4.1.1 Processes for Adaptable Design Considering Product Adaptability ......................................... 91 4.1.2 Processes for Adaptable Design Considering Design Adaptability ......................................... 93 4.2 Elements in Adaptable Design Processes ....................... 93 4.2.1 Design Requirements ................................. 93 4.2.2 Design Candidates ................................... 96 4.2.3 Design Evaluation .................................... 102 4.2.4 Design Optimization ................................. 104 4.3 Robust Adaptable Design .................................... 107 4.3.1 Robust Adaptable Design Considering Changes of Requirements and Parameters ....................... 107 4.3.2 Robust Adaptable Design Considering Changes of Product Configurations ............................. 119 4.3.3 Robust Adaptable Design of Open Architecture Products ............................................ 127 4.4 Adaptable Design Considering Adaptation Operations ........... 136 4.4.1 Assembly Operation Sequences for Adaptable Design ..... 136 4.4.2 Disassembly Operation Sequences for Adaptable Design ............................................. 1394.5 Adaptable Design Considering Mass Personalization ............ 141 4.5.1 Module Planning for OAPs ............................ 141 4.5.2 Detail Design of OAPs ................................ 143 4.5.3 Product Personalization ............................... 145 4.6 Summary .................................................. 146 References ..................................................... 146 5 Tool and Techniques for Adaptable Design ........................ 149 5.1 Modular Design Tools ....................................... 149 5.1.1 Modularization for Adaptable Design Using Matrix Approach ........................................... 149 5.1.2 Pattern Clustering Approach ........................... 164 5.2 Optimization Tools ......................................... 169 5.2.1 Constrained Optimization ............................. 169 5.2.2 Multi-objective Optimization .......................... 173 5.2.3 Multi-level Optimization .............................. 175 5.2.4 Global Optimization .................................. 177 5.3 Web-Based Tools for Adaptable Design ........................ 185 5.3.1 Introduction ......................................... 185 5.3.2 Development of Web-Based Tools for Adaptable Design ............................................. 186 5.3.3 Applications of Web-Based Tools in Adaptable Design .... 188 5.4 Virtual Reality for Adaptable Product Design and Evaluation ..... 192 5.4.1 Introduction ......................................... 192 5.4.2 A VR-Based User Interactive System ................... 194 5.4.3 Case Study—A VR System for Food Truck Design ....... 198 5.4.4 Case Study—A VR System for Caravans Design ......... 205 5.4.5 Comments and Analysis .............................. 206 5.5 Summary .................................................. 208 References ..................................................... 208 6 Applications of Adaptable Design ................................ 211 6.1 Adaptable Design of CNC Machine Tools Structure ............. 211 6.1.1 Redesign Process of a Machine Structure ................ 212 6.1.2 Evaluation Criteria for the Redesign Process ............. 214 6.1.3 Improvement of the Entire Machine .................... 220 6.1.4 Development of a New Generation of YH605 Gear Cutting Machine ..................................... 220 6.1.5 Analysis and Discussion of Redesign Results ............ 222 6.2 Design of an Adaptable Product Platform for Heavy-Duty Gantry Milling Machines .................................... 223 6.2.1 Design of the Adaptable Product Platform (APP) ......... 223 6.2.2 Implementation of a Heavy-Duty Gantry Milling Machine with APP ................................... 2326.3 Adaptable Design for Mass Personalization .................... 236 6.3.1 Introduction ......................................... 236 6.3.2 General Background .................................. 237 6.3.3 Methods of Design for Mass Personalization ............. 241 6.3.4 Case Study .......................................... 241 6.3.5 Personalization Analysis .............................. 248 6.3.6 Concluding Remarks ................................. 249 6.4 Adaptable Design of Coating Machines ........................ 250 6.5 Design of an Open Architecture Paper-Bag Folding Machine ..... 256 6.5.1 An Initial Design of the Open Interface .................. 257 6.5.2 Modified/Improved Design of Open Interface of the Paper-Bag Folding Machine ...................... 260 6.6 Design of an Adaptable Equipment for Testing of Generators ..... 263 6.6.1 The Design Problem .................................. 263 6.6.2 The Optimal Adaptable Design ........................ 264 6.6.3 Comparative Studies .................................. 270 6.7 Adaptable Design of a Rotation Table ......................... 274 6.7.1 Assembly Modelling ................................. 275 6.7.2 Evaluation of Modules Assembled in a Single Subassembly ........................................ 277 6.7.3 Assembly Sequence Planning for Parts Inside Module of the Rotational Table ................................ 278 6.7.4 Assembly Sequence Planning for Modules ............... 279 6.8 Summary .................................................. 280 References ..................................................... 280 7 Concluding Remarks and Development Trends .................... 281 7.1 Concluding Remarks ........................................ 281 7.2 Development Trends ........................................ 283 7.3 Summary .................................................. 288 References ..................................................... 288